Brain Controlled Car for Disabled Using Artificial Intelligence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1563 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Technology Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Artificial Intelligence Essay Did you like this example? A Paper Presentation on BRAIN CONTROLLED CAR FOR DISABLED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Submitted on the event of Zeitgeist’09 At UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING JNTU, KAKINADA Presented by: Y. H. H. S . AYYAPPA. S SREEKANTH. GELAM II MCA II MCA [emailprotected] om [emailprotected] com ADITYA INSTITUTE OF P. G. STUDIES Kakinada, E. G. Dist, A. P. 1. ABSTRACT This paper considers the development of a brain driven car, which would be of great help to the physically disabled people. Since these cars will rely only on what the individual is thinking they will hence not require any physical movement on the part of the individual. The car integrates signals from a variety of sensors like video, weather monitor, anti-collision etc. it also has an automatic navigation system in case of emergency. The car works on the asynchronous mechanism of artificial intelligence. It’s a great advance of technology which will make the disabled, abled. In the 40s and 50s, a numbe r of researchers explored the connection between neurology, information theory, and cybernetics. Some of them built machines that used electronic networks to exhibit rudimentary intelligence, such as W. Grey Walters turtles and the Johns Hopkins Beast. Many of these researchers gathered for meetings of the Teleological Society at Princeton and the Ratio Club in England. Most researchers hope that their work will eventually be incorporated into a machine with general intelligence (known as strong AI), combining all the skills above and exceeding human abilities at most or all of them. A few believe that anthropomorphic features like artificial consciousness or an artificial brain may be required for such a project. 2. INTRODUCTION The video and thermogram analyzer continuously monitor activities outside the car. A brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a direct neural interface or a brain-machine interface, is a direct communication pathway etween a human or animal brain (or brain cell culture) and an external device. In one-way BCIs, computers either accept commands from the brain or send signals to it (for example, to restore vision) but not both. Two-way BCIs would allow brains and external devices to exchange information in both directions but have yet to be successfully implanted in animals or humans. In this definition, the word brain means the brain or nervous system of an organic life form rather than the mind. Computer means any processing or computational device, from simple circuits to silicon hips (including hypothetical future technologies such as quantum computing) Once the driver (disabled) nears the car. The security system of the car is activated. Images as well as thermo graphic results of the driver are previously fed into the database of the computer. If the video images match with the database entries then the security system advances to the next stage. Here the thermo graphic image verification is done with the database. Once the driver passes this stage the door slides to the sides and a ramp is lowered from its floor. The ramp has flip actuators in its lower end. Once the driver enters the ramp, the flip actuates the ramp to be lifted horizontally. Then robotic arms assist the driver to his seat. As soon as the driver is seated the EEG (electroencephalogram) helmet, attached to the top of the seat, is lowered and suitably placed on the driver’s head. A wide screen of the computer is placed at an angle aesthetically suitable to the driver. Each program can be controlled either directly by a mouse or by a shortcut. For starting the car, the start button is clicked. Accordingly the computer switches ON the circuit from the battery to the A. C. Series Induction motors. 3. BIOCONTROL SYSTEM The biocontrol system integrates signals from various other systems and compares them with originals in the database. It comprises of the following systems: ?Brain-computer interface ?Automatic security syst em ?Automatic navigation system Now let us discuss each system in detail. 3. 1. BRAIN – COMPUTER INTERFACE Brain-computer interfaces will increase acceptance by offering customized, intelligent help and training, especially for the non-expert user. Development of such a flexible interface paradigm raises several challenges in the areas of machine perception and automatic explanation. The teams doing research in this field have developed a single-position, brain-controlled switch that responds to specific patterns detected in spatiotemporal electroencephalograms (EEG) measured fromthe human scalp. We refer to this initial design as the Low- Frequency Asynchronous Switch Design (LF-ASD) (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 LF-ASD The EEG is then filtered and run through a fast Fourier transform before being displayed as a three dimensional graphic. The data can then be piped into MIDI compatible music programs. Furthermore, MIDI can be adjusted to control other external processes, such as ro botics. The experimental control system is configured for the particular task being used in the evaluation. Real Time Workshop generates all the control programs from Simulink models and C/C++ using MS Visual C++ 6. 0. Analysis of data is mostly done within Mat lab environment. FEATURES OF EEG BAND Remote analysis data can be sent and analyzed in real-time over a network or modem connection. Data can be fully exported in raw data, FFT average formats. Ultra low noise balanced DC coupling amplifier. Max input 100microV p-p, minimum digital resolution is 100 microV p-p / 256 = 0. 390625 micro V p-p. FFT point can select from 128 (0. 9375 Hz), 256 (0. 46875 Hz), 512 (0. 234375 Hz resolution). Support for additional serial ports via plug-in boar; allows extensive serial input output control. Infinite real-time data acquisition (dependent upon hard drive size). Real-time 3-D 2-D FFT with peak indicator, Raw Data, and Horizontal Bar displays with Quick Draw mode. Full 24 bit colo r support; data can be analyzed with any standard or user. Customized color palettes; color cycling available in 8 bit mode with QuickDrawmode. Interactive real-time FFT filtering with Quick Draw mode. Real-time 3-D FFT (left, right, coherence and relative coherence), raw wave, sphere frequency and six brain wave switch in one OpenGL display. Full Brainwave driven Quick Time Movie, Quick Time MIDI control; user configurable Full Brain wave driven sound control, support for 16 bit sound; user configurable Full image capture and playback control; user configurable. Fig. 2: EEG Transmission Fig. 3 EEG 3. 1. 1. TEST RESULTS COMPARING DRIVER ACCURACY WITH/WITHOUT BCI 1. Able-bodied subjects using imaginary movements could attain equal or better control accuracies than able-bodied subjects using real movements. 2. Subjects demonstrated activation accuracies in the range of 70-82% with false activations below 2%. 3. Accuracies using actual finger movements were observed in the range 36- 83% 4. The average classification accuracy of imaginary movements was over 99% Fig. Brain-to- Machine Mechanism The principle behind the whole mechanism is that the impulse of the human brain can be tracked and even decoded. The Low-Frequency Asynchronous Switch Design traces the motor neurons in the brain. When the driver attempts for a physical movement, he/she sends an impulse to the motor neuron. These motor neurons carry the signal to the physical components such as hands or legs. Hence we decode the message at the motor neuron to obtain maximum accuracy. By observing the sensory neurons we can monitor the eye movement of the driver. Fig. Eyeball Tracking As the eye moves, the cursor on the screen also moves and is also brightened when the driver concentrates on one particular point in his environment. The sensors, which are placed at the front and rear ends of the car, send a live feedback of the environment to the computer. The steering wheel is turned through a specific angl e by electromechanical actuators. The angle of turn is calibrated from the distance moved by the dot on the screen. Fig. 6 Electromechanical Control Unit Fig. 7 Sensors and Their Range 3. 2. AUTOMATIC SECURITY SYSTEM The EEG of the driver is monitored continually. When it drops less than 4 Hz then the driver is in an unstable state. A message is given to the driver for confirmation and waits for sometime, to continue the drive. A confirmed reply activates the program for automatic drive. If the driver is doesn’t give reply then the computer prompts the driver for the destination before the drive. 3. 3. AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM As the computer is based on artificial intelligence it automatically monitors every route the car travels and stores it in its map database for future use. The map database is nalyzed and the shortest route to the destination is chosen. With traffic monitoring system provided by xm satellite radio the computer drives the car automatically. Video a nd anti-collision sensors mainly assist this drive by providing continuous live feed of the environment up to 180 m, which is sufficient for the purpose. Fig. 8 EEG Analysis Window 4. CONCLUSION When the above requirements are satisfied and if this car becomes cost effective then we shall witness a revolutionary change in the society where the demarcation between the abler and the disabled vanishes. Thus the integration of bioelectronics with automotive systems is essential to develop efficient and futuristic vehicles, which shall be witnessed soon helping the disabled in every manner in the field of transportation. 5. REFERENCE 1. Off-line Classification of EEG from the New York Brain- Computer Interface (BCI) Flotzinger, D. , Kalcher, J. , Wolpaw, J. R. , McFarland, J. J. , and Pfurtscheller, G. , Report #378, IIG-Report Series, IIG: Institutes for Information Processing, Graz University of Technology, Austria 1993. . Man-MachineCommunications through Brain-Wave Processing Keir n, Z. A. and Aunon, J. I. , IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, March 1990. 3. Automotive engineering, SAE, June 2005 4. Automotive mechanics , Crouse , tenth edition , 1993 5. The brain response interface: communication through visually-induced electrical brain responses Sutter, E. E. , Journal of Microcomputer Applications, 1992, 15: 31-45. Don’t waste time! 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How Safety Is An Essential Human Need Essay - 1209 Words

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Instilling Safety Awareness in Children Free Essays

Name : Lim Xiao Pei Class : 4S1 IC No. : 971022-08-5976 Topic : Instilling Safety Awareness In Children Theme : Social Issues Children are innocent. They don’t have a clear idea of what a bad person might look like. We will write a custom essay sample on Instilling Safety Awareness in Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now They probably think someone with a moustache and ugly or evil facial expression is a bad person. The children do not think that women and kind-looking elderly men may be the bad person. The best people to teach children about personal safety are their parents. In view of the mounting number of crimes involving young children,parents must think about how they can protect their children from the danger that lurk around them. First of all,children need to know about their neighbours and living area. Parents should tell their children where they can visit when parents are not around. It will be great if boundaries are set outlining the areas that they can go to. If your children are invited by friends and neighbours to areas beyond the set boundaries,tell them that they should first check with you before venturing out. Then,remind your child to look out for the strangers hanging around frequently. Teach them to be aware of people who go round chatting up little kids or strangers cruising the neighbourhood. Parents must make sure that their children are aware of safety measures to take with regards to strangers,before allowing them to venture out on their own. Children should be told that if they feel uncomfortable when a stranger approaches them,they should run away without any hesitation. They should also be taught to say â€Å"No† and to shout for help when necessary. Parents should also be cautious in allowing their children to go out by themselves to meet friends at public places. Though it may be tiresome,parents should accompany their children if they need to wait for their friends. If possible,parents can pick up their friends and send them to their destination too. Furthermore,parents must always be sure where their children at all times. They should make sure that their children do not accept any gifts or invitations from any strangers. Besides,parents must realize that potential dangers involving child abuse and sexual assault lurk in places where children spend most of their time. Thus,parents should teach their children the ways to protect themselves. If possible,parents can send their children to learn martial arts too. Parents must be approachable to their children. When a child confesses to wrongdoing,find out the facts of the case before punishing them. Do not forget to give them a chance to explain and see how you can help them to solve the problem. If parents are unapproachable to children,they will bias to strangers who treat them very nice. The time has came for the community to work together to prevent crimes in our neighbourhood. Creating a safe neighbourhood is everyone’s responsibility. When we help to keep all the children safe,we are protecting our own family too. *This is very important as children are still young and cannot detect the approaching of danger. For example,the six-year-old child,William Yau Zhen Zhong was left with his siblings,Eric and Cindy in his parents’ car as they went to a shop. He apparently got out of the car to look for his parents when Cindy started crying. He was reported missing after that. Nine days later,his body was found in a river. How to cite Instilling Safety Awareness in Children, Essay examples

Performance In Airlines Industry In Kenya -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Performance In Airlines Industry In Kenya? Answer: Introducation The target market of Coca Cola does not contain a specified segment. Though it does not target a specific market, their targeting strategy is based on the demographics of the chosen segment (Mokaya et al., 2012).Age - based on the age they can target specifically the consumers of 15-30 years old people. As the people with less than 15 will be, much younger consumers and they cannot be reached easily. The people more than 30 years old will be more health conscious. Reaching the chosen target marketing can also be done easily through partnerships, for example, fast food chains in the international market (Mokaya et al., 2012).Lifestyle - the busy and mobile generation of youth, the work life addicts can be the most important consumers that can be targeted.Occupation and nature the fun loving and the adventure loving people needs to be targeted. As the brand, positioning in the current market is to target people with those characteristics.The customers media habits can also be analysed for media exposure in their daily life (Mokaya et al., 2012). Positioning Coca Cola can strategically position itself in the soft-drink market. The new tagline of the brand is taste the feeling is to target people who likes have the fun and entertainment in their food. The company has always positioned itself with relation to joy and happiness in the company(Janiszewska and Insch, 2012). The high degree of loyalty comes from the satisfaction if the Figure 1 Source: (Mokaya 2012) The new brand positioning is to target the market with unique selling proposition that is related to joy and happiness. The brand can also be positioned according to the values that can be be attractive to people that does not comes under the target market managementt of the company (Janiszewska and Insch, 2012). Coca Cola classic with their competitors are can be positioned as traditional and medium sugar based. In addition, their Coke Zero can be positioned as modern and low sugar soft drink and diet coke can be less sugar and traditionally positioned in the customer mind. A value proposition for target market The customer value proposition of coca cola is very specific to a point and main mission of the company is to deliver its customer the different brand stories that the company have adapted though the years. The story they are telling this time is to taste the feeling that is categorised as lifestyle based to increase the happiness and joy one can feel after having the soft drink. Coca-cola as a brand of non-alcoholic beverage sector has differentiated their products in the segment very well (Muhamad et al. 2012). The core benefits and a unique value propositions that the company gives its customers are related to joy and happiness. The new value proposition that can tick the customers can be the money saving schemes in the big purchases and the health consciousness of the diet coke. To implement this messages of Coca colas new brand positioning can give a focused differentiated method of reaching out to the consumers (Muhamad et al., 2012). Value proposition canvas Product features Products : Coca cola Classic Coke Zero Diet Coke Features: Best selling soft drink for quenching thirst Health drink Experience for customers: The tagline says taste the feeling Customers Reference Janiszewska, K. and Insch, A., 2012. The strategic operations of brand positioning in the place brand concept: elements, structure and application capabilities.Journal of International Studies Vol,5(1). Mokaya, S., Kanyagia, P. and Wagoki, J., 2012. Market positioning and organizational performance in the Airlines industry in Kenya.International Journal of Arts and Commerce,1(4), pp.121-132. Muhamad, R., Melewar, T.C. and Faridah Syed Alwi, financial, 2012. Segmentation and brand positioning for Islamic financial services.European Journal of Marketing,46(7/8), pp.900-921.